Week 11

Title: Presentation Day for FYP 1.

Objective:

1. Present the slide show to the assessor.
2. To explain and get the feedback from the assessor.

Method:

1. Present and explain the objective and methodology of the project.

Result:

The slide show.

Conclusion:

The assessor like the idea of the project and give some advice about the future development for FYP 2.

Week 10

Title: The charger controller circuit for this project.

Objective:

1. To transmit the power from piezo-electric efficiently.

Method:

1. Research based on type of project.

Result:

PDQ High Speed Charge Drive

The PDQ amplifiers are the first commercially available charge drives for piezoelectric actuators. A charge drive is similar to a voltage amplifier except that piezoelectric hysteresis can be reduced to less than 1%.

In many applications, a charge drive can immediately replace a voltage amplifier when improved dynamic linearity is required. This can reduce or eliminate the need for feedback or feedforward control of hysteresis.

PiezoDrive charge drives are designed for both high-performance and ease-of-use. Compared to a standard high-voltage amplifier, there is only one additional control, the DC-gain, which sets the voltage-gain at low-frequencies.

The PDQ charge drives have the same exceptional bandwidth and output current as the PDX voltage amplifiers. This includes Dynamic Current Control which dramatically improves the maximum output current and allows the reproduction of larger amplitude waveforms with higher frequency.

In addition to the fast response, the PDQ drives also include: comprehensive overload protection; external shutdown; voltage, charge and current monitor outputs; and front-panel bias-voltage adjustment.

Model	PDQ150b	PDQ200b
Voltage	-30V to 150V*	-30V to 200V*
Peak Current	2A	1.5A
Overload Time	100ms	100ms
RMS Current	1.6A	1.1A
Power Bandwidth	9.5 kHz	7.2 kHz
Signal Bandwidth	Greater than 80 kHz (1uF Load)
Charge Gain	2.2, 6.2, 22, 62, 220, or custom uC/V
Voltage Gain	20 - 66 V/V
Offset	From 0V to Full-Range
Input	Differential, Zin = 22 kOhm
Signal Connectors	BNC input, BNC Monitor Outputs,
Output Connectors	4mm Plugs and 2-Way LEMO 0B
Overload Protection	Thermal, current and voltage
Noise	3mV RMS
Environment	0 - 40 C (32-104 F)
Enclosure	Desktop, rack compatible
Dimensions	212.6 x 304.8 x 132.6 mm (w x d x h)
Power Supply	115V or 230V AC (selectable)

Conclusion:
The PDQ drives are housed in a desktop enclosure that can be bolted together in a side-by-side configuration. Mounting in a standard 19-inch rack is also possible with the addition of rack-mount handles.

Week 9

Title: The type of piezo-electric

Objective:

1. To find suitable type of piezo-electric that is suitable for this project.

Method:

1. Do the research in the internet.
2. Find the available type in the market.

Result:

The coefficients d33 of a piezoelectric bar, (C / N) shown in Table I, link the amount of electrical charge (Coulomb), appearing on an electrode perpendicular to the axis 3, to the strain (Newton) applied on both ends.

Material	d33(10-12 C/N)
Quartz	2.3
BatiO3	90
PbtiO3	120
PZT	560
PZN-9PT	2500

The type of pieze-electric that will use for this project is PZT type because of its sensitivity and long-term period of lifetime that is suitable to use in this project,

Conclusion:

The type of piezo-electric must be hardy and can long last to make sure it can work efficiently. 

Week 8

Title: Battery for storage energy.

Objective:

1. To find the suitable battery to use for this project.

Method:

1. Make some research about the battery that can last longer and supply to small output.

Result:

The Fiamm FG10451 is a 6V 4.5Ah battery bloc offering a 5 year design life and is suitable for a multiple of applications such as fire alarms, security equipment, small DC systems and johnlite torches. The FG10451 battery is a universal common box size can be a suitable replacement for the following :

CSB GP645 F1, Johnlite 6V 4Ah, Power Battery PM6-4.5, Powersonic PS640, Ultra Max NP4.5-6

RATING	6V 4.5AH
LENGTH	70MM
WIDTH	47MM
HEIGHT	100MM
TOTAL HEIGHT	106MM
WEIGHT	0.7KG
TERMINAL	FAST-ON 4.8MM/0.187” (F1 TYPE)
SPECIFICATION	FIAMM FG10451 DATASHEET

Conclusion:

The chosen battery is suitable to use in this final year project.

Week 7

Title: Comparison with another similar project

Objective:

1. To study about previous project.
2. To collect the data and do some research about project requirements and concept

Method:

1. Do some research about similar project on Internet website.
2. Learn how to install it and how it work. 

 

Result:
The magnetic flux developed around the coil being proportional to the amount of current flowing in the coils windings as shown. If additional layers of wire are wound upon the same coil with the same current flowing through them, the static magnetic field strength would be increased. Therefore, the magnetic field strength of a coil is determined by the ampere turns of the coil.

 

With more turns of wire within the coil the greater will be the strength of the static magnetic field around it But what if we reversed this idea by disconnecting the electrical current from the coil and instead of a hollow core we placed a bar magnet inside the core of the coil of wire. By moving this bar magnet “in” and “out” of the coil a current would be inducted into the coil by the physical movement of the magnetic flux inside it. Likewise, if we kept the bar magnet stationary and moved the coil back and forth within the magnetic field an electric current would be induced in the coil. Then by either moving the wire or changing the magnetic field we can induce a voltage and current within the coil and this process is known as Electromagnetic Induction and is the basic principal of operation of transformers, motors and generators. Electromagnetic Induction was first discovered way back in the 1830′s by Michael Faraday. Faraday noticed that when he moved a permanent magnet in and out of a coil or a single loop of wire it induced an Electromotive Force or emf, in other words a Voltage, and therefore a current was produce. So what Michael Faraday discovered was a way of producing an electrical current in a circuit by using only the force of a magnetic field and not batteries. This then lead to a very important law linking electricity with magnetism,Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. When the magnet shown below is moved “towards” the coil, the pointer or needle of the Galvanometer.

Conclusion:
As for the conclusion, by using electromagnetic seems to be more efficient but it is high in costing to buy its equipment and need to plan at the place where many people will come and step on it rather than the stair that people need to walk on it.