Week 28

Title: Presentation Day for FYP 2.



Introduction:

During presentation of Development of Staircase Power Generation Using Piezo-Electric is presented to the assessor. Everything working will as expected base on the plan. During the presentation day, all part and connection was explain to the assessor in detailed to make them understanding about my project. All result show as proof that this project done successfully as planning and expected.

Conclusion:

During presentation day, poster and project about Development of Staircase Power Generation Using Piezo-Electric is presented as part to finish the Final Year Project Presentation. After finish the presentation, all student need to concentrate on settle the draft and final report submission as to fulfill the University Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute Requirement.

Week 27

Title: Poster for Presentation

Objective:

1. Completing the poster based on the UniKL guidelines using A1 format.

Method:

1. Design the poster using Microsoft PowerPoint.

Result:

Poster done according to university requirement.

Conclusion:

Basically after finish doing a poster, it show that the project is around the corner to be presented to the assessor. All the detailed is fill in the poster as the reference for the assessor to refer during presentation.

Week 26

Title: Result and Analysis of the Project.

Objective:

1. To get the specific result to achieve the target.
2. Analysis for better development.

Method:

1. Run the prototype and record the output.
2. Measure and count the steps of people steps of the staircase.

Result:

The result shown in the table below.

The output voltage increasing when the number of steps applied to the staircase increase. This shows that the piezoelectric can produce more voltage if more piezoelectric are install inside the staircase. But if the pressure of people steps on it is much higher, it only require less than 50 steps to produce the stabilize output which is between 2.99-3.5V. After that, it will go to step-up voltage to get 12V DC.

Conclusion:

The output is achieve and it meets the target for further applications.

Week 25

Title: Final Assembly for the Project.

Objective:

1. Complete the project to be ready to present.
2. To make sure everything going to work without problem.

Method:

1. Assemble the hardware and the circuit.

Result:

Conclusion:

After all the hardware and circuit is assemble, the product still can produce the output and produce the energy.

Week 24

Title: Assemble hardware and Piezoelectric.

Objective:

1. Completing the staircase structure.
2. Place the piezoelectric at the hardware.

Method:

1. Place the cover to make the staircase look nice.
2. Solder the connection and place the piezoelectric at the staircase.

Result:

Conclusion:

The staircase structure and piezoelectric connection are done and ready to use.

Week 23

Title: Construction of the Staircase

Objective:

1. To build the staircase that stable and able to stand a person.
2. Able to place the piezoelectric disc

Method:

1. Find the suitable material at the hardware shop.
2. Design and construct the staircase.

Result:

Staircase structure and plywood for the base.

It can withstand the maximum weight of the person around 75kg.

Conclusion:

The staircase is construct carefully and hardly so pedestrian can step on it.

Week 22

Title:  Circuit Construction for Energy Harvesting Circuit and step-up voltage circuit.

Objective:

1. To make sure the circuit working smoothly
2. To detect any problem occur.

Method:

1. Solder the circuit into donut board.
2. Testing the circuit.

Result:

The energy harvest circuit is construct by using the circuit diagram provided from the data sheet.
http://www.linear.com/docs/28909

Conclusion:

The circuit is working properly and it give the output of 3.5V, and its the same value with last testing procedure.

Week 21

Title: Testing Piezoelectric with IC (LTC3588).

Objective:

1. To measure the output from piezoelectric.
2. Stabilized the output for further use,

Method:

1. Connect the pieze-disc by soldering to the piezoelectric.
2. From the piezoelectric, make a connection to IC (LTC3588).
3. Measure the output with multimeter.

Result:

The result show in the video.

Conclusion:

The output from the piezoelectric through the IC is 3.5V and its stable.

Week 20

Title: Soldering the Energy Harvest IC on PCB board.

Objective:

1. Solder on PCB for protection to IC.
2. Prevent the IC from damage.

Method:

1. Find shop that can solder IC that use blower.

Result:

Before the IC solder to PCB.

After the IC has been solder to PCB.

Soldering is completed.

Conclusion:

By completing the solder of energy harvest circuit (LTC3588) IC, next testing with piezoelectric can be done for next stage of the project.

Week 19

Title: Meeting With Supervisor to Show List of Hardware

Objective:

1. To get confirmation about suitable material to buy.
2.  To discuss the material need to use in the project 

Method:

1. Show the specification of the hardware based on the project needs.
2. Show all hardware listing to supervisor that need in your FYP project.

Result:

List of item:
1. Piezoelectric (20pieces)

2. Plywood

3. Steel (L-design)

4. Energy Harvesting Circuit.

5. Step-up voltage circuit

Conclusion:

By listing the component that need to buy, the project can start to be build for first stage.

Week 18

Title: Energy Harvesting Circuit for Piezoelectric

Objective:

1. To use this IC as main circuit for piezoelectric.
2. To get stabilized output from piezoelectric.

Method:

1. Make research and find data sheet for this circuit.

Result:

This breakout board uses the LTC3588 Piezoelectric Energy Harvester from Linear Technologies. This board can be used not only for harvesting piezoelectric energy, but solar energy as well. There is a bridge rectified input for piezo elements (PZ1 and PZ2) and a direct input (VIN) for DC sources. Both are clamped to 20V. In addition, the board can simply be used as a standalone nanopower buck regulator.

An ultralow quiescent current undervoltage lockout (UVLO) mode with a wide hysteresis window allows charge to accumulate on an input capacitor until the buck converter can efficiently transfer a portion of the stored charge to the output. In regulation, the LTC3588 enters a sleep state in which both input and output quiescent currents are minimal. The buck converter turns on and off as needed to maintain regulation.

Four output voltages (1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V and 3.6V) are pin selectable with up to 100mA of continuous output current and comes pre-configured for an output of 3.3V. However, the output capacitor may be sized to service a higher output current burst. An input protective shunt set at 20V enables greater energy storage for a given amount of input capacitance.

For data sheet,

http://www.linear.com/docs/28909

Conclusion:

This circuit can be used in this project to make this project working effectively.

Week 17

Title:
Testing piezo-electric transducer

Objective:

1. To test the output of piezoelectric.
2. To make the observation

Method:

1. Connect 4 pieces of piezoelectric in series and parallel connection and record the output.

Result:

In parallel connection, the piezoelectric will produce about 2-16V AC depends on the mechanical stress that had been apply towards. But the output voltage is stable because of the mechanical stress is not the in the same amount of pressure.
If in series connection, it will step up the the voltage up to 24V AC.

Conclusion:

.The piezoelectric will produce the AC output voltage when the mechanical stress is apply.

Week 16

Title:
Step up voltage (DC-DC) module

Objective:

1. Find suitable module to boost up the voltage.
2. To fulfill the next objective for output. 

Method:

1. Research from the internet (e-bay.com, lelong.com.my)

Result:

DC 3-34V to DC 4-35V DC-DC Adjustable Boost Step-up Power Supply Module

Description:

• LM2577S non-isolated boost module
• Input Voltage: DC 3-34V
• Output Voltage: DC 4-35V (continuously adjustable)
• Input Current: 3A (max.)
• Output Current: 2.5A (max.)
• Operating Temperature: -40 deg C to +85 deg C

Conclusion:
The output voltage can be vary from 4-35V DC and can be use for output.

Week 15

Title: Find LED display meter for voltage and current.

Objective:

1. To display to others how many voltage and current that piezoelectric produce.

Method:

1. Do the research in the internet.
2. Find the available type in the market.

Result:

LED Digital Volt / Amp Panel meter / Amp 10 A (Red & Blue)

Description:

Size: 48mm X 29mm X 22mm Range: DC3.2-30V ( Can Measure Power Supply Directly ) Display: 0.56 "LED digital tube Display color: red (Volt) & blue (Amp) Refresh rate: about 500mS / times Input: DC voltage Resolution: 1% +1 digit Power Supply: DC3.2 -30V Operating temperature: -10degree ~ 65 degree red cable DC+, black cable DC - Attention if the Voltage over 30V ,it maybe will burned.

Conclusion:

This meter can easily show how many current and voltage has been produce by piezoelectric and others can see easily.

Week 14

Title: Submission of Proposal Report Writing and Blog

Objective:

1. To finalize and complete the proposal report writing for submission.
2. To submit the report to supervisor

Method:

1. Printing the report and binding before final submission
2. Completing all report writing for last submission.

Result:

1. All the report writing settled before final submission
2. All the blog writing settled before submission

Conclusion:

By completing all the writing on proposal and blog, basically my FYP 1 is finish for this semester. this blog writing will continue on next semester as  FYP 2 Blog Report.

Week 13

Title: Process of Completing Proposal Report & Blog Writing

Objective:

1. To complete the report and blog writing as supervisor needed.
2. To finish all the report before final submission on next week.

Method:

1. Check and discussion with the supervisor.
2. Do the correction and compile everything in the report.

Result:

1. The good report is in progress.
2. Corrections has been done.
3. Blog writing is complete.

Conclusion:

By completing all the writing on proposal and blog, basically my FYP 1 is Nearly to finish. All the info and correction have been settle before the day of submission.

Week 12

Title: The Preparation for Proposal Report Writing

Objective:

1. To complete the proposal report writing for submission.
2. To complete the first draft according to guideline.

Method:

1. Show the step of writing the proposal to supervisor
2. Submission report to supervisor to show as draft

Result:

1. Supervisor check the word and format report writing
2. Supervisor do some correction for the report
3. Supervisor give a suggestion and idea for good writing report

Conclusion:

By submission the draft report and get some good explanation about the writing, I understand more to write a good report and get the good marks from the supervisor.

Week 11

Title: Presentation Day for FYP 1.

Objective:

1. Present the slide show to the assessor.
2. To explain and get the feedback from the assessor.

Method:

1. Present and explain the objective and methodology of the project.

Result:

The slide show.

Conclusion:

The assessor like the idea of the project and give some advice about the future development for FYP 2.

Week 10

Title: The charger controller circuit for this project.

Objective:

1. To transmit the power from piezo-electric efficiently.

Method:

1. Research based on type of project.

Result:

PDQ High Speed Charge Drive

The PDQ amplifiers are the first commercially available charge drives for piezoelectric actuators. A charge drive is similar to a voltage amplifier except that piezoelectric hysteresis can be reduced to less than 1%.

In many applications, a charge drive can immediately replace a voltage amplifier when improved dynamic linearity is required. This can reduce or eliminate the need for feedback or feedforward control of hysteresis.

PiezoDrive charge drives are designed for both high-performance and ease-of-use. Compared to a standard high-voltage amplifier, there is only one additional control, the DC-gain, which sets the voltage-gain at low-frequencies.

The PDQ charge drives have the same exceptional bandwidth and output current as the PDX voltage amplifiers. This includes Dynamic Current Control which dramatically improves the maximum output current and allows the reproduction of larger amplitude waveforms with higher frequency.

In addition to the fast response, the PDQ drives also include: comprehensive overload protection; external shutdown; voltage, charge and current monitor outputs; and front-panel bias-voltage adjustment.

Model	PDQ150b	PDQ200b
Voltage	-30V to 150V*	-30V to 200V*
Peak Current	2A	1.5A
Overload Time	100ms	100ms
RMS Current	1.6A	1.1A
Power Bandwidth	9.5 kHz	7.2 kHz
Signal Bandwidth	Greater than 80 kHz (1uF Load)
Charge Gain	2.2, 6.2, 22, 62, 220, or custom uC/V
Voltage Gain	20 - 66 V/V
Offset	From 0V to Full-Range
Input	Differential, Zin = 22 kOhm
Signal Connectors	BNC input, BNC Monitor Outputs,
Output Connectors	4mm Plugs and 2-Way LEMO 0B
Overload Protection	Thermal, current and voltage
Noise	3mV RMS
Environment	0 - 40 C (32-104 F)
Enclosure	Desktop, rack compatible
Dimensions	212.6 x 304.8 x 132.6 mm (w x d x h)
Power Supply	115V or 230V AC (selectable)

Conclusion:
The PDQ drives are housed in a desktop enclosure that can be bolted together in a side-by-side configuration. Mounting in a standard 19-inch rack is also possible with the addition of rack-mount handles.

Week 9

Title: The type of piezo-electric

Objective:

1. To find suitable type of piezo-electric that is suitable for this project.

Method:

1. Do the research in the internet.
2. Find the available type in the market.

Result:

The coefficients d33 of a piezoelectric bar, (C / N) shown in Table I, link the amount of electrical charge (Coulomb), appearing on an electrode perpendicular to the axis 3, to the strain (Newton) applied on both ends.

Material	d33(10-12 C/N)
Quartz	2.3
BatiO3	90
PbtiO3	120
PZT	560
PZN-9PT	2500

The type of pieze-electric that will use for this project is PZT type because of its sensitivity and long-term period of lifetime that is suitable to use in this project,

Conclusion:

The type of piezo-electric must be hardy and can long last to make sure it can work efficiently. 

Week 8

Title: Battery for storage energy.

Objective:

1. To find the suitable battery to use for this project.

Method:

1. Make some research about the battery that can last longer and supply to small output.

Result:

The Fiamm FG10451 is a 6V 4.5Ah battery bloc offering a 5 year design life and is suitable for a multiple of applications such as fire alarms, security equipment, small DC systems and johnlite torches. The FG10451 battery is a universal common box size can be a suitable replacement for the following :

CSB GP645 F1, Johnlite 6V 4Ah, Power Battery PM6-4.5, Powersonic PS640, Ultra Max NP4.5-6

RATING	6V 4.5AH
LENGTH	70MM
WIDTH	47MM
HEIGHT	100MM
TOTAL HEIGHT	106MM
WEIGHT	0.7KG
TERMINAL	FAST-ON 4.8MM/0.187” (F1 TYPE)
SPECIFICATION	FIAMM FG10451 DATASHEET

Conclusion:

The chosen battery is suitable to use in this final year project.

Week 7

Title: Comparison with another similar project

Objective:

1. To study about previous project.
2. To collect the data and do some research about project requirements and concept

Method:

1. Do some research about similar project on Internet website.
2. Learn how to install it and how it work. 

 

Result:
The magnetic flux developed around the coil being proportional to the amount of current flowing in the coils windings as shown. If additional layers of wire are wound upon the same coil with the same current flowing through them, the static magnetic field strength would be increased. Therefore, the magnetic field strength of a coil is determined by the ampere turns of the coil.

 

With more turns of wire within the coil the greater will be the strength of the static magnetic field around it But what if we reversed this idea by disconnecting the electrical current from the coil and instead of a hollow core we placed a bar magnet inside the core of the coil of wire. By moving this bar magnet “in” and “out” of the coil a current would be inducted into the coil by the physical movement of the magnetic flux inside it. Likewise, if we kept the bar magnet stationary and moved the coil back and forth within the magnetic field an electric current would be induced in the coil. Then by either moving the wire or changing the magnetic field we can induce a voltage and current within the coil and this process is known as Electromagnetic Induction and is the basic principal of operation of transformers, motors and generators. Electromagnetic Induction was first discovered way back in the 1830′s by Michael Faraday. Faraday noticed that when he moved a permanent magnet in and out of a coil or a single loop of wire it induced an Electromotive Force or emf, in other words a Voltage, and therefore a current was produce. So what Michael Faraday discovered was a way of producing an electrical current in a circuit by using only the force of a magnetic field and not batteries. This then lead to a very important law linking electricity with magnetism,Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. When the magnet shown below is moved “towards” the coil, the pointer or needle of the Galvanometer.

Conclusion:
As for the conclusion, by using electromagnetic seems to be more efficient but it is high in costing to buy its equipment and need to plan at the place where many people will come and step on it rather than the stair that people need to walk on it.